ELISA Research FAQs

Currently, our ELISA kits are only suitable for animal samples, and we do not have kits for testing plant/microbial samples.

No, the detection system of our kits requires strict adherence to the specified sample volume to ensure accurate detection. If the sample volume is insufficient, consider diluting appropriately, but first conduct a pre-experiment to confirm the suitable dilution factor.

As long as the samples and reagents used during the activation step are consistent with the proportions in the manual, it should fine.

Our IL-23 kit is designed to detect the complete heterodimeric IL-23 protein. It may not detect the monomeric IL-23P19 subunit.

Our ELISA kits have not been validated for compatibility with automated analyzers. The provided instructions are for manual operation. Customers may validate them on their own if needed.

To ensure temperature fluctuations during incubation stay within 1°C, it's recommended to use an incubator. If an incubator is not available, a water bath may be used, but precautions should be taken to avoid contaminating the plate with water. Using a shaker, especially one with vibration, for incubation is not recommended.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone with a relatively short half-life due to rapid degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP 24.11). Only a small fraction of GLP-1 will fully enter circulation. Our GLP-1 kit is designed to detect intact GLP-1 protein and may not detect its metabolites. Although some customers add sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) and trifluoroacetic acid to samples to prevent GLP-1 degradation, we do not recommend adding organic agents to samples as they may interfere with ELISA detection.

Under physiological conditions, α-syn exists as unfolded monomers, in equilibrium with membrane-bound species that promote SNARE-complex assembly and tetramers that can resist abnormal aggregation. When the balance between α-syn generation and clearance is disrupted, the monomers aggregate to form oligomers, including on-pathway oligomers and off-pathway oligomers. On-pathway oligomers tend to form protofibrils, and eventually fibrils. Other oligomers that cannot form amyloid fibrils are called off-pathway oligomers. E-EL-H0983 Human SNCα ELISA Kit is for monomer Alpha synuclein, other forms of Alpha synuclein have not been verified whether can be detected.

VCAM-1 is a transmembrane protein that can be partially hydrolyzed, allowing it to enter the bloodstream. The portion of VCAM-1 that enters the bloodstream is referred to as soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1). E-EL-H5587 Human VCAM-1 kit detects total VCAM-1, including membrane-bound form and soluble form.

Hair sample preparation method: Wash hair samples with methanol by adding 5 mL of HPLC-grade methanol to each sample, rotating for 3 minutes, then decanting excess methanol and rinsing hair twice. After washing, place the hair samples on aluminum foil, dry for 3 days in a protective cap. Weigh the dried hair samples and transfer them to 2ml polypropylene tubes containing stainless steel grinding beads. Place the tubes containing hair and beads in a bead beater, grind each sample for 2 minutes to produce powder. After grinding, add 1.5 mL of methanol to the tubes containing hair powder. Rotate samples slowly for 24 hours to extract steroids. Centrifuge at 10000 g for 4 minutes, transfer 0.6 mL of methanol supernatant containing steroids to new 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes. Dry the samples in a protective hood for 2-3 days to evaporate the methanol. Dilute the dried extract with 0.4 mL dilution buffer from the kit for detection.

Hepcidin is a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide synthesized and secreted by the liver. It is highly expressed during immune responses and plays a negative regulatory role in iron homeostasis within the body. As a mature peptide consisting of 25 amino acids, hepcidin binds to membrane iron transport proteins, inducing their internalization and degradation, thereby controlling iron absorption and release to maintain plasma iron levels within the normal range. Hepcidin-25, primarily produced in the liver, is generated by proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminus of prohepcidin. These 25 amino acids represent the active form of hepcidin, capable of executing its biological functions. Subsequently, the N-terminus of hepcidin-25 undergoes conversion into smaller peptides (approximately 20~24 amino acids), which exhibit lower activity and accumulate in urine. In summary, the main difference between hepcidin and hepcidin-25 lies in their origin and form. Hepcidin is the unmodified precursor peptide, whereas hepcidin-25 is a specific fragment of hepcidin, possessing distinct biological activity. Functionally, both participate in iron regulation, but hepcidin may be involved in a broader range of biological processes.